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The Uí (h)Ímair , or Dynasty of Ivar, were a royal Norse dynasty whose members ruled much of the Irish Sea region, the Kingdom of Dublin, the western coast of Scotland, including the Hebrides and some part of Northern England, from the mid 9th century. The dynasty lost control of York in the mid 10th century, but reigned over the other domains at variously disputed times, depending on which rulers may be counted among their descendants. This has proved a difficult question for scholars to determine, because reliable pedigrees do not survive. Additionally, for between three and four decades, the Uí Ímair were probably overkings of the Kingdom of Scotland itself,〔 distinct from the Kingdom of Strathclyde, of which they may also have been overkings, and later briefly the Irish province of Munster, dominated from Waterford, and later still, briefly the English kingdom of Mercia. In the west of Ireland, the Uí Ímair also supplied at least two kings of Limerick, from which they may have attempted to conquer Munster again. On the female side, two members are styled Queens of Ireland in the Irish annals (they were also Queen of Mide and Queen of Munster, respectively), while another was Queen of Leinster (and Osraige). In the Norse sources, another was Queen consort of Norway. Finally, another may have been Queen of Brega. The name ''Uí Ímair'' is Old Irish, and means "grandchildren" or Descendants of Ivar, but the dynasty includes its progenitor and his sons. Ivar is described in the Irish annals as the brother of Amlaíb Conung and Auisle, and his obituary is recorded in the Annals of Ulster under the year 873, reading ''Imhar, rex Nordmannorum totius Hibernie & Brittanie, uitam finiuit.'', or "Ivar, king of all the Norse of Ireland and Britain, ended his life". Probably the senior leader of the Great Heathen Army,〔Woolf (2007), p. 71〕 Ivar may thus have become the inspiration for the legendary Ivar the Boneless, son of Ragnar Lodbrok. In any event, Uí Ímair dynasts may also have exercised power as overkings of East Anglia during their career in Britain. Alex Woolf points out it would be a mistake to view the lordship as a "unitary empire";〔Woolf, Alex (2002) "Age of Sea-Kings: 900-1300", in: Donald Omand (ed.), ''The Argyll Book'', Edinburgh: Birlinn, pp. 95-96.〕 it was, rather, a collection of lordships ruled by the same kindred, with only varying degrees of unity depending on the political circumstances of the moment and the charisma of individual leaders. Especially in the early period, a great portion of the dynasty's wealth, probably the majority, came from the international slave trade, both as slavers themselves and from the taxation of it,〔Valante, ''passim''〕 for which they were infamous in their time. In this role they star as the principal antagonists in the early 12th century Irish epic political tract ''The War of the Irish with the Foreigners'', although the account is exaggerated.〔ed. & tr. James Henthorn Todd (1867)〕 One of the greatest dynasties of the Viking Age, the Uí Ímair were at their height the most fearsome and wide-reaching power in the British Isles and perhaps beyond.〔The dynasty may have retained influence in their Scandinavian homelands, and also held some in Normandy. For both these areas our sources are very poor.〕 However, unlike the contemporary Rurikids in the East they ultimately failed to make any long-lasting territorial gains of significance and are considered a strategic failure, despite their considerable economic and political influence.〔Ó Corráin, Downham, Woolf, Valante〕 ==Ancestral homeland== Some historians believe Ímar and Ivar the Boneless to be identical, others claim they are two different individuals. According to Irish annals, Ímar was the son of Gofraid (also Goffridh, Gothfraid or Guðrøðr), who was the king of Lochlann. The Norwegians at this point were often referred to as Lochlanns by the Irish. Lochlann was widely accepted among scholars as being identical to Norway, recently however this has been questioned, among others by Donnchadh Ó Corráin. His and others' theory is that Lochlann was the "viking Scotland" (Norse/Norwegian settlements on the Scottish islands and northern mainland). Whether the Irish annals referred to Lochlann as Norway or to the Norse settlements is Scotland is still a matter of debate, however by the 11th century the term had come to mean Norway.〔http://www.ucc.ie/celt/Vikings%20in%20Scotland%20and%20Ireland.pdf〕 According to Donnchadh Ó Corráin there is no evidence that any branch of the royal Danish dynasty ruled in Ireland. He also claims that Ímar´s brother, Amlaíb Conung (the name "Conung" is from the Old Norse konungr and simply means "king"), who often has been identified as part of the royal Norwegian dynasty (Ynglingene), was in fact not. He strongly argues for that both Ímar and his brothers were part of a Norse dynasty centered in and around the Scottish mainland.〔 The Norwegian historian Kim Hjardar and archaeologist Vegard Vike claim that Ímar is the same person as the Dane Ivar the Boneless, and that he and the Norwegian chieftain Amlaíb Conung (Olaf the White) arrived in Ireland as leaders of a coalition of Vikings whose goal was to take control over the Viking settlements in Ireland. When the Irish annals describe Ímar and Amlaíb Conung as brothers, Hjardar and Vike claims that this has to be interpreted as a metaphor for "warrior brothers" or "brothers in arms".〔Kim Hjardar & Vegard Vike, Vikings at War, p.224-226.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Uí Ímair」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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